”As mulheres fumantes provavelmente aumentarão a porcentagem do total de fumantes no mundo. As mulheres estão adotando papéis mais dominantes na sociedade, aumentaram seu poder aquisitivo... Tudo isso faz das mulheres um importante alvo...”
--Tobacco Reporter, 19981
O controle do tabaco é uma questão crítica da saúde da mulher. Atualmente, quatro vezes mais homens fumam do que mulheres, mas, enquanto os índices de homens fumantes se estabilizou, o número de mulheres que fumam cigarro segue aumentando.3 Isso ocorre principalmente em países em desenvolvimento e em alguns países do leste, centro e sul da Europa. Para a indústria do tabaco, as vendas de produtos de tabaco para mulheres e garotas em países em desenvolvimento representam uma das maiores oportunidades de marketing do mundo.4
Duzentos e cinqüenta milhões de mulheres fumam.5 Se a porcentagem de mulheres fumantes em países em desenvolvimento aumentar aos níveis de homens fumantes, o número de mulheres fumantes na próxima geração dobrará para mais de 500 milhões.6 Por as mulheres fumantes morrerem das mesmas doenças causadas pelo tabagismo como os homens, tal aumento terá efeitos drásticos sobre a saúde das mulheres e sobre a saúde e a renda de suas famílias.1,7,8 Além disso, as mulheres fumantes também correm o risco de desenvolverem câncer dos órgãos reprodutivos e osteoporose.9 O tabagismo também contribui para a pobreza de forma que afeta especialmente a saúde da mulher.10
Apesar dos perigos conhecidos para as mulheres, por décadas as empresas de tabaco têm as mulheres e garotas como público-alvo ao difundir temas de marketing que associam o tabagismo com o desejo universal das mulheres por independência e liberdade e em ser mais fascinantes e bonitas com produtos desenhados especificamente dirigidos a mulheres, como cigarros com sabores e embalagens modernas.11 Hoje a indústria do tabaco está utilizando os mesmos temas tentadores para atrair mulheres em países em desenvolvimento.
No entanto, é possível prevenir o aumento previsto do tabagismo ao adotar políticas e programas que já provaram reduzir o tabagismo. Ao restringir o marketing do tabaco, adotar advertências mais rígidas sobre saúde, aumentar o preço e diminuir a acessibilidade dos produtos de tabaco, expandir a proteção contra o fumo passivo e oferecer educação pública eficaz e realizar campanhas de marketing, é possível prevenir a epidemia prevista de doenças e mortes relacionadas ao tabagismo em mulheres em todo o mundo.
O Número de Mulheres e Garotas Fumantes em Países em Desenvolvimento está Aumentando
Notas Finais
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